This study investigated the antioxidant activity of various preparations of garlic (Allium sativum) extract using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Different preparation of garlic, which is fresh garlic, black garlic, laba garlic, and powdered dried garlic were employed to evaluate their impact on the antioxidant capacity of the resulting extracts compared to ascorbic acid and quercetin. The antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring the ability of the extracts to scavenge DPPH radicals. Various preparations of garlic exhibit different antioxidant activity strength. From our result, black garlic showed the best one (IC50 = 165.09, but still weaker in strength compared to ascorbic acid, IC50 = 32.35, and quercetin, IC50 = 22.76), followed by powdered dried garlic, laba garlic and fresh garlic. The research contributes to the understanding of garlic's antioxidant properties and its potential as a natural antioxidant source.

KEYWORDS:- garlic, black garlic, laba garlic, DPPH, antioxidant.

Large-span reinforced concrete arch bridges are widely constructed in the mountainous regions of western China due to their high rigidity, low cost, and good durability. When constructing such arch bridges using the cantilever casting method, the abutment scaffolding, as an important temporary structure, plays a crucial role in ensuring the structural integrity and safety of the arch ring closure. This paper takes a 210-meter main span reinforced concrete arch bridge as an example. Based on the proposed special construction plan, the abutment scaffolding is preliminarily designed. A finite element model of the scaffolding is established using Midas/Civil software to analyze its mechanical behavior under various load conditions. The results are compared with the standard design values to verify the rationality........

KEYWORDS:- Reinforced concrete arch bridges; Cantilever casting method; Abutment scaffolding design; Midas/Civil software; Mechanical behavior.

The school bus routing problem (SBRP) is a complex NP-Hard combinatorial constraint optimization problem that involves a fleet of buses tasked with picking up/dropping off students in an optimal sequence such that the overall distance covered is minimized. This study systematically evaluates the performance of different metaheuristic algorithms, on benchmark instances of the SBRP. Through extensive experimentation and analysis, we identify the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm in terms of solution quality, convergence speed, robustness, and scalability. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies for overcoming the challenges associated with applying metaheuristics to the SBRP and we highlight directions for future research. Overall, this comparative study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of metaheuristic approaches for solving the SBRP and informs the development of efficient and reliable bus routing solutions in real-world transportation systems.

KEYWORDS:- School bus routing (SBR), Combinatorial Optimization Problem, Operation Research, Route Scheduling.

The intersection of sustainability and artificial intelligence (AI) offers a transformative potential to address global environmental challenges, including climate change, resource depletion, and ecosystem degradation. This paper explores how AI technologies, such as machine learning and data analytics, are being utilized across various sectors to enhance sustainability efforts. AI-driven solutions are optimizing energy efficiency in smart grids, reducing environmental impacts in agriculture through precision farming, and improving waste management systems. However, the integration of AI into sustainability practices also presents challenges, including the environmental impact of AI's energy consumption, the risk of algorithmic biases, and the need for equitable access to AI benefits.......

KEYWORDS:- Sustainability, Artificial Intelligence, AI systems.

Design of Experiments (DOE) is a methodology used for problem-solving in various situations that applies multiple notions and techniques to data collected to generate usable, and reliable engineering conclusions, inclusive to optimizing the yield of products and minimizing the costs of materials consumed in the process. Initiated by Dr. Genichi Taguchi, 'DOE' became heavily influenced in industrial manufacturing where it introduces efficient methods of studying the relationship between multiple input and output variables. The primary objective of the project is applying (DOE) onto wind turbines by using 'Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)' as a method of analyzing the experiment using numerical results.........

KEYWORDS:- Design of Experiments, Random Complete Block Design, Multilinear regression, Stepwise Selection, Tip Speed Ratio, Blades, Degrees,VAWTs.

The region of Tlemcen is located in the Algerian North-West, whose climatic impact results in the degradation of the forest in matorral, open formation constituted by xerophytic plants such: Cistus ... We propose to carry out an approach of the diversity of the malacofauna found on 2 species of Cistaceae, namely Cistusladaniferus and C. monspeliensis. The malacological richness is estimated at 10 species on the ladaniferus Cistus and 13 on the Montpellier Cistus. These are divided into 4 families: Milacidae, Sphincherochilidae, Helicidae and Subulinidae. The 1st, 2nd and 4th families have only one species each. These are Milaxgagates, Sphincterochilacandidissima and Ruminadecollata, respectively......

KEYWORDS:- Malacofauna - Cistus ladaniferus - C. monspeliensis - Diversity-Approachecological-Tlemcen region (North –West Algeria).

Preterm births affect millions of newborns worldwide each year and are a major public health concern. Because preterm births are complex, it is still difficult to anticipate them accurately, despite advances in medical research, this study intends to improve the prediction of preterm deliveries by utilizing machine learning techniques. Various datasets covering a range of factors, including physiological signals, ultrasound data, and maternal health records, will be utilized in this study. Decision trees, logistic regression, and support vector machines will be used to study and find predictive patterns linked to premature births. To increase the precision and dependability of the prediction models, entropy-based feature selection strategies and thorough model evaluation procedures are applied........

KEYWORDS:- Preterm Births, Machine learning techniques, Predictive patterns, Critical review methodology.

The rapid technological advancements experienced in early 1990s influenced the emergency of eLearning as an alternative to physical classroom education which was slowly adopted by some institutions and learners. The effects of the recent covid-19 pandemic prompted a sudden rise in demand for eLearning which became more acceptable to students, learning institutions and other stakeholders. It is however necessary to ensure that the interaction interfaces of eLearning systems are efficient to support effective learning which require the design of intelligent interaction interfaces.........

KEYWORDS:- Intelligent interface technologies, interface challenges, eLearning.

This work focuses on investigating the characteristics of an unsteady Williamson Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer nanofluid flow past a Stretching Cylinder that is permeable and in a porous medium. The modeled partial differential equation is transformed into coupled non linear ordinary differential equation for both fluid and dust phases through a similarity variable transformation and the resulting systems are solved analytically using the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). The comparison of the HPM results with the numerical scheme of the fourth order Runge Kutta integration with shooting technique are in excellent agreement by using some published literature.........

KEYWORDS:- Hartman number, volume fraction, Dusty particles, unsteady flow , stretching cylinder.

Planetary gear trains can be found in such high-technological systems as automotive transmissions, aircraft motors and wind turbines. They are distinguished with compact dimensions, less noise and higher torque-to-weight ratios, when compared to parallel gearboxes. Minimization the mass of planetary gear train can improve the efficiency of the gearbox through transmitting more torque values. An optimization model for minimization of planetary gear train mass is studied here under constraints of bending and contact stresses. The design variables used are the module, gear teeth width, number of teeth for both sun and planet gears, inner diameter of both sun and planet gears and the outer diameter of the ring gear......

KEYWORDS:- Optimization–Planetary gear train–Center Distance– Tooth bending stress – Contact stress.

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) poses significant ecological, social, and economic threats to Lake Victoria, Africa's largest freshwater lake. Originating from the Amazon Basin, this invasive species disrupts aquatic ecosystems by blocking sunlight, depleting oxygen levels, and altering water quality. The dense mats formed by water hyacinth hinder access to clean water, increase the prevalence of vector-borne diseases, and lead to social conflicts over resource use. Economically, the infestation reduces fish catches, increases transportation costs, and diminishes tourism. Conventional approaches to water hyacinth monitoring and management have shown to be expensive.......

KEYWORDS:- water hyacinth, mapping, monitoring, machine learning, Lake Victoria.

As wearable devices becomes more popular in recent years, these wearable devices drew attention as they can improve the quality of life. Some of these devices provide help to the healthcare professionals, especially for the patients who want to live independently without going to authorized places such as hospitals. They can monitor the patient's vital signs remotely. However, one of the major problems is that these devices need continuous power supply. These devices solely depend on the battery and when it is depleted, the operation of the device is affected. Hence to solve this problem, the efficient energy harvesting technology become crucial.........

KEYWORDS:- IoT applications, Energy harvesting, battery monitoring system, wearable and portable applications.

The current research aims to study if the Bologna processhelpsto complete the teaching activities faster than the traditional methodaccording to the openionsof students of the Technical College at Imam Ja'farAlsadiq University (Ijsu) - Baghdad - Iraq, the research sample consisted of (109) male and female students from the Department of Communications Technology Engineering, and a questionnaire was prepared for that consisted of onequestion, and the indicators of their validity and stability were verified, then the data were processed statistically using the statistical SPSS computer program, and the results indicated that the application of the Bologna processhelps the students to complete their teaching activities faster than the traditional method.

KEYWORDS:- Bologna process, Imam Ja`farAlsadiq University, Technical Colledge, SPSS.