Water samples from 49 hand – dug wells were analysed for Nitrate concentrations in relation to well characteristics of Static Water level, Depth of Well and Elevation at Olokemeji – Ologede, Ado – Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria,. The wells indicated varying levels of nitrate concentration with an average of 3.80 ± 11.29mg/l for the shallow wells having 6.15 ± 2.31m, 6.55 ± 2.43m and 414.88 ± 25.84m as average Static Water Level, Depth of well and Elevation respectively. About 10% percent of the wells in the study area indicated nitrate at levels exceeding the safe drinking water standard. The Nitrate concentration would decrease slightly with increasing static water level, depth of well and well - point elevation; the Correlation Coefficients being -0.02, -0.04 and -0.13 respectively. The weak association could be traceable to the hydro-geological scenario of the region.

Keywords: Aquifer; association; groundwater; migrate, nitrate.

Landslides in Kerala pose significant challenges to infrastructure and public safety, primarily due to heavy rainfall, unstable slopes, and unplanned construction. In recent years, the Western Ghats of Kerala have experienced frequent landslides during the rainy season causing significant damage to roads, houses, agricultural fields, forest lands etc. shows that about 40% of the state lies in the highland region that forms the western slopes of the Western Ghats. The main type of Landslide that occurs in Kerala is the flow of debris, although other forms such as debris slides and rock falls are also common. This review examines landslides from a civil engineering perspective, analyzing geotechnical failures.........

Keywords: Landslide, Western Ghats, mitigation, saturation.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in roof cladding systems due to their wide applications in the construction of low-rise buildings. Previous studies highlight the importance of analyzing these systems for the design of fasteners with improved structural performance, particularly against damage and failure caused by high wind events at the connection between the fastener and purlin sheet. To address the need for enhancing the pull-out force capacity of cladding fasteners, this paper presents three methods for geometry optimization of a high-strength steel fastener (austenitic 316)..........

H.266/VVC is the latest video coding standard which can support resolutions up to 8K and 16K as well as 360° videos. To obtain higher coding quality, VVC adopts the novel technology of quadtree with nested multi-type tree (QTMT) division scheme including the quadtree (QT), vertical and horizontal binary tree (BT) and ternary tree (TT) split for the coding tree unit (CTU) from 128×128 to 4×4 coding unit (CU). However, the computational complexity is considerably high since VVC selects the best division mode using recursive rate–distortion optimization (RDO). To speed up the VVC encoding process, Zhao et al...........

KEYWORDS– Versatile video coding, deep learning, convolutional neural network.