Ensuring positive user experiences in communication networks is largely dependent on Quality of Experience (QoE) optimization. An extensive overview of methods for QoE optimization in communication networks is provided in this paper. One potential method for modeling and optimizing complex systems with uncertain and nonlinear properties is by ANFIS (adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference system). ANFIS models provide the flexibility to reflect the inherent uncertainties and complexities of communication networks while offering adaptive learning capabilities by fusing fuzzy logic principles with neural network capabilities. The study highlights how important it is to optimize network characteristics......

KEYWORDS; QoE optimization, network parameters, Neuro-Fuzzy, ANFIS.

This paper describes the procedure for verify the accuracy and the errors of measurements in an analog ammeter, including the calculation of the expanded standard uncertainty; the direct measurement comparation method is used, and the environmental and technical considerations necessary to perform a reliable procedure are mentioned. In addition, the numerical and graphical results, obtained experimentally, are shown for one range of an analog multimeter as a function of direct current ammeter.

KEYWORDS; Accuracy, errors, uncertainty, ammeter, measurement comparation.

Employee performance (EP) is crucial for the effectiveness and sustainability of public universities, especially in fragile and resource-constrained environments. The University of Tripoli, as one of the largest Libyan governmental universities, faces persistent challenges related to staff motivation, job satisfaction, and performance, alongside broader systemic pressures such as financial constraints and organisational instability. Existing studies on Libyan higher education emphasize the significance of leadership behavior, fairness perceptions, and reward systems in shaping staff attitudes and outcomes......

KEYWORDS; Transformational leadership (TL); Perceived Organisational justice (POJ); Financial and moral incentives (FaMI); Job satisfaction (JS); Employee performance (EP) ; University of Tripoli; Libyan higher education; Conceptual framework.

Student academic engagement (SAE ) has become a central concern in higher education research and policy, yet relatively little is known about how engagement is shaped by the interaction between institutional conditions and psychological resources in fragile and conflict-affected systems. This conceptual study proposes a framework in which the perceived learning environment serves as a key institutional resource, academic self-efficacy (ASE) operates as a core psychological mechanism, and student academic engagement represents the primary outcome in Libyan public universities, with the University of Tripoli......

KEYWORDS; Perceived learning environment support; academic self-efficacy; student academic engagement; higher education; Libya; University of Tripoli; conceptual framework; structural equation modelling.

"Theory of Time" is a research and analysis report on all kinds of transformation processes, aimed at identifying the mechanism / reasons behind changes/ natural phenomena. It is presented as a Universal Theory based on relational analysis/ mechanism, applicable to all natural phenomena. During my study, I found certain systematic, logical, and relational imbalances among the principles of AC transformers, Ohm's law, series–parallel circuits, and the law of conservation of energy. Through systematic analysis and research on these principles in combination, I identified, formulated, and organized a common transformation mechanism for all, which I call the Universal Transformation System (UTS)........

KEYWORDS; Universal Transformation System, time (time storage and live time running process), Energy with Power transformation system, Mechanical Resistance = Electrical Resistance, Newton's 3rd Law under transformation, number of members inside the system......

Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) has gained significant interest in numerous applications such as human–computer interaction, healthcare, security, behaviour analysis, education, and affective computing. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been popular for their strong performance, but they often struggle due to sensitivity to position and orientation, as CNNs assume important features appear in the same spatial location, leading to misclassification of visually similar emotions. Whereas Capsule Networks (CapsNet) preserve feature relationships through dynamic routing; however, they are computationally......

KEYWORDS; Facial Expression Recognition, CNN, Capsule Network, Dynamic Routing, FER2013, Hybrid Deep Learning.

Facial Cold pressing is a widely used extraction technique for producing high-quality fruit juices. In this study, cold-pressed orange and pomegranate juices were stored at 25°C for 10 days. When ascorbic acid reacts with oxygen gas under a Cu²⁺ catalyst, hydrogen peroxide is released. The rate of this reaction is temperature and pH dependent. Therefore, the reaction was carried out at 25°C using 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH=4.5) and a Cu²⁺ catalyst. Differential pulse polarography, which has high sensitivity and reproducibility, was used in the analysis of ascorbic acid. When citrate buffer was used as a supporting electrolyte, the hydrogen peroxide formed showed a characteristic peak at -1.0 V. The peak increases responded linearly to the addition of standard peroxide solutions. The amount of ascorbic acid in cold-pressed orange and pomegranate juices was calculated based on peroxide. The same samples were also analyzed using HPLC chromatography, and the results were found to be consistent. ......

KEYWORDS; Ascorbic acid, Hydrogen peroxide, Differential pulse polarography, Orange, Pomegranate.

A polymer-based ion-selective electrode composed of 5% perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), 40% poly vinyl chloride (PVC), and 55% dibutyl phthalate (DBF) was prepared as the sulfite ion sensitive electrode.This electrode was measured to be sensitive to a 0.1 M sulfide concentration of 1x10-7 with a slope of approximately 58 mV.This electrode has a response time of 30 seconds and allows for operation over a wide pH range from 1 to 10. Furthermore, the sulfide electrode showed no sensitivity to other anions and cations. the life of the electrode was found to be approximately 210 days......

KEYWORDS; Sulfite, ion selective electrode, ion chromatography, fresh apricots.